Jammu & Kashmir

It is the northemost state of India .it is surrounded by Pakistan ,Afghanistan,china and Tibet on the three sides. Punjab and himachal Pradesh are the state  .
     Along the northen boarders of our country , stretches the greatest chain of mountains in the word. They are called the Himalayas . jammu and  Kashmir  lies entirely in this mountains region .the land surface of the states is made up of high  mountains and large valleys.
 To go to Kashmir we have to go via jammu. Trains go only up to jammu –tawi,because beyond it the region is too mountains and it is very difficult to lay railway tracks. However,the Indian railwaysare working hard to extend the rail line up to udhampur .there are good roads throughout the states .
    Srinagar is the capital .it is built on both the banks of river jhetum. Nine bridge connect the two parts of the city .it is one of the most beautiful hill-station of India.jammu-tawi,situated on theriver tawi,is the main town of  jammu region. It is the winter capital of the state. Near jammu is the famous temple of vaishno devi.
Jammu is land of the brave dogras ,who are good ;warrious . they speak dogri . their main occupation is farming .many people also serve in the army .besides the dogra there are the gujars of jammu. The gujars are mostly shepherds who move from place to place in search of fresh pastures for their sheep and goats.


      The northern part is a huge plateau, called ladakh. A plateau is also called a tableland, because it is high and flat at the top like a table. The climate of ladakh is very cold and dry. Hardly anything can grow . a kind of cow called yak is used for milk, and traveling. Yhe famous pashmina sheep is reared in Ladakh. The most important town of ladakh is leh. It is now a big Armu centre, from where our jawans defend our country .
        The people of ladakh speak the ladakhi language. They are mostly Buddhist. Hemis is their biggest festival.

Land Surface and Rivers of Jammu & Kashmir

The main rivers flowings through it are the Indus ,the jhelum and the chenab.

Climate of Jammu & Kashmir

 The climate of Kashmir  is cool in  summers and very cold in winters .it gets very heavy rainfall in the summer season . during winters the valley gets covered with snow. The people keep themselves warm with the help of a kangri. It is a small  earthen pot fixed in a basket of cane. burning coal is placed inside this pot. The pot is then carried by the people under their cloaks or shawls. Thus it protects them from the freezing cold of the winter months .the most attractive months in Kashmir are September and October. At this time,the valley is covered with beautiful flowers and delicious fruit.

Tourism in Jammu & Kashmir

  The valley of Kashmir is like a huge fort .it is surrounded by high mountains on all sides .you know that a valley is a low-lying area between mountains .the mountain tops are covered with snow. The slopes are covered with the evergreen chair (pine) and chinar (maple) trees. There are also many bwautiful springs and lakes.some of these lakes like the wular and dal lakes are amongst the biggest fresh water lakes in India. The wular lake is the country’s largest fresh water lake.
Bright-coloured flowers grow wild .trees laden with fruit like apples and cherries, are found all over. The red delicious appies that we all love, come from Kashmir.it is truly awonderful place. People from all over the world come here to enjoy and to rest .kashmir is also called the paradise on earth .
    The people enjoy boating in shikaras in the beautiful nagin and dal lakes of srinagar. Shikara is a long and narrow boat, which carries people. Wouldn’t you can actually live in one. It has all the comforts of a home, and is called a houseboat.
    Wouldn’t it be a wonderful sight to see colourful gardens floating in water? Instead of you going to a garden to get flowers and vegetables,a garden coming to you?well, on the lakes of Kashmir you’ll actually see these floating garden, called radhs. They are long rafts on which many kinds of flowers and vegetables are grown .
    Gulmarg and pahalgam are other place of tourist interest . gulmarg is famous for winter sports like ice-skating and skiing .it also has large golf ground. Pahalgam is a beautiful place on the way to the holy amaranth caves.

Crops Of Jammu & Kashmir

The main crops grown in Jammu and Kashmir are rice, maize, pulses and beans (rajma).the fields in the mountains are different from the fields in the plains. They are actually long, narrow strips of land, which are cut (like steps)in to the slopes of the hills. These steps are called terrace fields. The mountain slopes, with terrace orchards of fruit trees of green crops look very beautiful. Kesar, that we use to add flavour and colour to our food ,is found in the valley.plenty of fish is found in the lakes of Kashmir .

People Of Jammu & Kashmir

The people of Kashmir are known for their beauty .they are tall ,strong and fair .they are very skilled craftsmen.during the cold winter months they are unable to go out .therefore ,they stay at home and make delicate items out of wood, silver, brass and papier mache. There fine work on shawls and rugs called namdahs, is very famous.
         The pure silk of Kashmir is also famous. There is also a big HMT (Hindustan Machine Tools ) factory which manufactures watches.
The man food of these prople is rice, fish and vegetables.  The special kashmiri tea is called kahva. Some people take tea  with  salt instead of sugar
   The cheerful people of Kashmir are very found of singing and dancing . their rouf dance is very popular. The people here celebrate their new year’s Day (Nav Roz) with great joy. Id and shivratri are their other important festivals. Urdu and kashmiri are the two main languages spoken in kashmiri.

Dresses Of Jammu & Kashmir

The dress of the people of  Kashmir is very different . both men and women of Kashmir wear long cloaks called phiran, which they wear with salwar. The women wear beautiful head-dress and large bunches of silver ear-rings called kundala. The men wear caps.

Districts of Jammu & Kashmir